Original Article: https://blog.theanimalrescuesite.greatergood.com/alaskapox-transmission/
Alaskapox, a virus recently spotlighted by the first known fatal case in Alaska, has sparked attention among health officials and the public.
This rare virus primarily affects small mammals but has now been documented in a handful of human cases since its discovery in 2015. It ahas also resulted in one recent fatality, CNN reports an elderly man with an immunocompromised condition due to cancer treatment.
Small mammals in Alaska, such as voles and shrews, are natural reservoirs of the virus.
Symptoms of Alaskapox
Typically, Alaskapox presents mild symptoms that resolve without medical intervention. Patients commonly report one or more skin lesions resembling spider bites, accompanied by swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, and fever, CNN reports.
The recent severe case, however, involved complications such as slow wound healing, malnutrition, acute renal failure, and respiratory failure, highlighting the risk in immunocompromised individuals, according to the Los Angeles Times.
Transmission to humans is believed to occur through contact with infected animals.
Causes and Transmission
Alaskapox is an orthopoxvirus, related to other viruses like smallpox and mpox. It is endemic in small mammals in Alaska, particularly in species such as red-backed voles and shrews, reports the Associated Press. Transmission to humans appears to occur through contact with these animals or potentially through domestic pets that interact with them.
The virus has been found in several small mammal species around Fairbanks, with all human cases prior to the recent fatality occurring in this region. According to the The New York Times, the latest case’s geographical separation suggests the virus’s wider spread among Alaska’s mammal populations than previously understood.
The first known fatal case of Alaskapox was reported in an elderly man with a compromised immune system who interacted with a stray cat
Vectors: Wildlife and Domestic Animals
Investigations into Alaskapox’s spread have considered the role of domestic pets as potential intermediaries. The man who succumbed to the virus had been scratched by a stray cat, which might have facilitated transmission, reports CBS News. This aligns with patterns observed in other orthopoxviruses, where physical trauma can introduce the virus from pets to humans.
Outlook and Prevention
Despite the recent fatality, Alaskapox infections remain rare and typically mild in humans. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission, and the risk outside Alaska is currently deemed low, reports WBAL-TV. However, the broader geographic distribution of the latest case indicates that the virus may be more widespread in small mammals across the state than previously thought.
No vaccine or specific treatment for Alaskapox is currently available.
Preventive measures include avoiding contact with wild animals and ensuring pets do not interact with potentially infected wildlife, ABC News reports. Health officials recommend covering any suspicious lesions and seeking medical advice, particularly for those with compromised immune systems.
Alaskapox, while rare and usually mild, has shown that it can be severe in individuals with weakened immune systems. The recent death in Alaska serves as a reminder of the unpredictable nature of emerging infectious diseases and the importance of vigilance and preventive measures.
Ongoing research and monitoring of small mammal populations will be crucial in understanding the spread and impact of this disease.
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Source: The Animal Rescue Site Blog
